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Brief Historical Data

    Reached by the navigator Antonio da Nola, who in 1457 discovered five of the islands. The remaining islands were discovered by Diogo Afonso (1461-62). The first island reached was of Boa Vista.

    The archipelago began to be populated in 1461-2. There were couples from Portugal,  (particularly from Algarve), later there were "degredados"  and new cristians. Slaves from the Guinean Coast were there from 1461, as well and captive muslims( as a consequence of the War in Marrocos).

    The island of Boa Vista were first populated by black cow herdsman from Santiago and possibly also some slaves imported from the Guinean Coast. Later some couples from Santiago were sent to populate Fogo.

    The first priests to disembark (1466) were Fr. Rodrigo e Fr. Jaime of the order of S. Francisco, from the Convento de S. Bernardino de Atouguia.

AMÍLCAR LOPES CABRAL - National Hero - Herói Nacional

• Born: September 12, 1924 in Bafatá (Guiné-Bissau) of Cape Verdean father Juvenal Cabral and Guinean mother Iva Pinhel Évora.
• Studied in the licéu in São Vicente, Cape Verde Islands.
• 1945 - At age of 21, in Lisbon to study at the "Instituto Superior de Agronomia".
• 1951 - Helps to create the "Centro de Estudos Africanos" in Lisbon. Enginheiro Agrónomo ( Agrononism, Agronomy engineer) by profession in Guiné.
• 1956, September 19 - Founded the PAIGC in Bissau, with Luís Cabral, Aristides Pereira, Rafael Barbosa and two other compatriots. The armed struggle only began in 1963! This same year, while in Angola, Cabral is cofounder of the MPLA (Movimento Popular Libertação de Angola) with Dr. Agostinho Neto and others.
• 1960 - Publishes in English in London under the pseudonym Abel Djassi "Factos acerca das colónias Africanas de Portugal"
• 1961 April - "Conferência das Organizações Nacionalistas das colonias Portuguesas" (CONCP), created in Casablanca, Moroco
• 1962 June - PAIGC presents to the United Nations "O povo da Guiné perante as Nações Unidas"
• 1964 - 1st congress of the PAIGC in Cassaca, in the liberated regions of the south of Guiné.
• 1965 - Amilcar Cabral write "As palavras da Ordem" a document delineating the norms to be followed by the party in the revolutionary struggle and in all its activities.
• 1968 and 1969 - Addresses the Comission of Human Rights at the UN, relating the suffering of the people of CV and Guine under the colonial Portuguese regime.
• 1969 - Published in London a collection of texts and speeches of Amilcar Cabral, organized by Richard Handyside.
• 1970, January - Published the book "Le pouvoir des armes" (O poder das armas) in France.
• 1970, February - Invited to Syracuse University (USA) to participate in a conference honoring the memory of Dr. Eduardo Mondlane, former president of FRELIMO, whom had been assassinated in February 1969. The theme of the conference was "National and Cultural Liberation".
• 1970, February - Conference in Rome of "Solidarity for the people of the Portuguese colonies". Pope Paulo VI receives the leaders of the parties for the liberation of the colonies, namely, MPLA, FRELIMO and PAIGC!
• 1971, Abril - At a Press Conference in Stockholm, Cabral denounces the situation of hunger in Cape Verde and the continued complacency and inaction of the colonial Portuguese regime.
• 1972, February - Cabral speaks at the 163rd session of the Security Council of the UN and asks the UN to send a delegation of observers to Cape Verde and Guiné to document first hand the reality of the colonies!
• 1972, October - During the 4th Commission of the General Assembly of the UN, in the name of the peoples of Guiné and Cape Verde, Cabral is the first representative of a people involved in armed struggle to be given the priviledge of addressing the assembly as an observer.
• 1973, January 20th, Amilcar Cabral is assassinated in Conakry.
• Cabral is survived by his three children from his second wife, Cape Verdean Ana Maria Cabral. His first wife was Portuguese, Maria Helena Rodrigues.

 

AMILCAR CABRAL - LIFETIME DISTINCTIONS: Member of the Presidency of the World Peace Council January 1972 --- Awarded the Gamal Abdel Nasser Medal at the 5th conference of the Organization of Solidarity of the African and Asian Peoples. October 1972 --- Awarded Frederico Joliot-Curie Medal by the World Peace Council. October 1972 --- Awarded Honorary Doctorate of Law degree by Lincoln University, in Pensylvania, USA. December 1972- Awarded Honorary Doctorate of Political and Social Sciences by the African Institute of the Academy of Science of the USSR.

AMILCAR CABRAL - POSTHUMOUS DISTINCTIONS: January 1973 - Gold Medal of Fidelity to the People by the president Ahmed Sekou Toure in the name of the Central Committee of the Democratic Party of Guine Conakry. April 1973 ----- Medal of the Anti-Imperialist Unity by the Democratic World Youth Federation. May 1973 ------ The World Peace Council creates the Amilcar Cabral Award to recognize organizations and groups for exemplary contribution in the struggle against the colonialism and imperialism. May 1973 ------ One the principal Squares in Argel, Tunisia is named Amilcar Cabral Square. In the Republic of Congo of the principal avenues is renamed Amilcar Cabral Avenue. May 1973 ------ In Pavia, Italy, the Amilcar Cabral Elementary School is named in his honor. May 1973 ------ The Indian government creates the Amilcar Cabral Scholarship to be awarded anually to an African student, preferably a militant of a moviment for African liberation or the fight against racism. May 1973 ------ In Rome, Italy, the the Liberation and Development committee created the Amilcar Cabral Center of Documentation. In Sweden Zentrum Amilcar Cabral, and in Washington, US, the Amilcar Cabral Institute.

 

Reference: História da Guiné e Ilhas de Cabo Verde, Colecção Libertação dos povos das colonias, Edições Afrontamento, PAIGC 1974.

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Selected Works about Amílcar Cabral

1. Amílcar Cabral. Aquino de Bragança. LisbonÇ Iniciativas Editoriais, 1976. (Pontos de Vista, no. 31).
2. Amílcar Cabral: a bio-bibliography of his life and thought, 1925-1973. Ronald H. Chilcote. Africana Journal, vol.5, no. 4 (Winter 1974), p. 289-307.
3. Amílcar Cabral: essai de biographie politique. Mário de Andrade. Paris:  François Maspero, 1980. (Petite Colletion Maspero).
4. Amílcar Cabral: revolutionary leadership and people's war. Patrick Chabal. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1983. (African Studies Series no. 37).
5. Continuar Cabral: simpósio internacional Amílcar Cabral, Cabo Verde 17 a 20 de Janeiro de 1983. [PAIGC].]Praia]: Grafédito;Prelo-Estampa, 1984.
6. Unity and struggle. Amílcar Cabral, translated by Micheal Wolfers, introductions by Basil Davidson, Mário Andrade. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1980. (African Writers Series).
7. Em defesa da terra.
8. Emergência da poesia em Amílcar Cabral: 30 poemas.

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Bibliography: Cape Verde History

Bibliografia: História de Cabo Verde

Bibliografia: Stória di Kabu Verdi

• Antonio de Noli e a colonização das ilhas de Cabo Verde. Charles Verlinden. Revista da Faculdade de Letras (Lisboa), vol.3, no.7 (1963), p.28-45.
• Cartographia portuguesa antiga. Amando Cortesão. Lisboa: Comissão Executiva das Comemorações do Quinto Centenárion da morte do Infante D. Henrique, 1960.
• Diogo Gomes. As relações do descobrimento da Guiné e das ilhas dos Açores, Madeira e Cabo Verde. Gabriel Pereira. Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa, vol.17, no.5 (1898-99), p.267-93.
• Les navigations medievales sur les cotes sahariennes anterieurs a la decouvreste portugaise (1432). Raymond Mauny. Lisboa: Centro de Estudos Historicos Ultramarino, 1960.
• The voyages of Cadamosto and other documents on Western Africa in the second half of the fifteenth century. Gerald Roe Crone. London: Hakluyt Society, 1937.. Antonio Carreira. Boletim Cultural da Guiné Portuguesa, vol.27,no.105.
• Atlantic Islands:Madeira, the Azores and the Cape Verdes in seventeenth-century commerce and navigation. T.Bentley Duncan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.
• Acapitania das ilhas de Cabo Verde: organização civil, eclesiástica e militar, séculos XVI-XIX - subsídios. António Carreira. Revista de História Económica e Social, no.19 (Jan'April 1987), p.33-76.
• Cartas das ilhas de Cabo Verde de Valentim Fernandes (1506-1508). A. Fontoura. Lisboa: Agência Geral das Colónias, 1939.
• As companhias pombalinas. António Carreira. Lisboa: Editorial Presença, 1983. 2nd ed.
• Conflitos sociais em Cabo Verde no século XVIII. António Carreira. Revista de Historia Económica e social, no.16  (July-Dec 1985), p.63-88.
• Descrição corográfica e estatítica das ilhas e capitania de Cabo Verde. Parte 2a, capítulo 5o da ilha do Maio. António Marques da Costa Soares, edited by Felix Monteiro. Raízes, nos 56 (1978), p.121-41.
• Descrições oitosentistas das ilhas de Cabo Verde. Edited by António Carreira. LisbonÇ Edição patrocinada pela Presidência da República de Cabo Verde, 1987.
• Dissertação sobre as ilhas de Cabo Verde 1818. Manuel Roiz Lucas de Senna, edited by António Carreira. Lisboa: Edição patrocinada pela presidência da Republica de Cabo Verde, 1987.
• Documentos para a história das ilhas de Cabo Verde e 'Rios da Guine' (Séculos XVII e XVIII). António Carreira. Lisbon: The Author, 1983.
• The english in the Atlantic Islands c. 1450-1650. Geoffrey Vaughan Scammell. Mariner's Mirror, vol. 72, no. 3 (Aug 1986), p.295-317.
• Ensaio e memórias económicas sobre as ilhas de Cabo Verde (século XVIII). João da Silva Feijó, edited by António Carreira. Praia: Instituto Caboverdiano do Livro, 1986.
• A Guiné e as ilhas de Cabo Verde: a sua unidade histórica e populacional. António Carreira. Ultramar, vol.8, no.32 (1968)
• História da Guiné e ilhas de Cabo Verde. PAIGC. Porto, Potugual: Edições Afrontamento, 1974.
• Historia geral de Cabo Verde. Corpo documental. Volume 1. Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional. 1988
• Historical dictionary of the Republic of Cape Verde. Richard Lobban, Marilyn Halter. Metuchen, New Jersey; London: Scarecrow Press, 1988.2nd ed. (African Historical Dictionaries, no. 42)
• A history of the Upper Guinea Coast, 1545 to 1800. Walter Rodney. New York, London: Monthly Review Press, 1980.
• As insolências do Capitão Domingos Rodrigues Viegas e do seu irmão Belchior Monteiro de Queiroz contra as autoridades da ilha de Santiago )1653-1665). Daniel A. Pereira. Revista de Historia Economica e Social, no.16 (Jul-Dec. 1985), p.31-61.
• Portuguese attempts at monopoly on the Upper Guinea Coast, 1580-1650. Walter Rodney. Journal of African History, vol.6, no. 3 (1965).
• A primeira visita de um governador das ilhas de Cabo Verde á Guiné (António Velho Tinoco c.1575). A. Teixeira da Mota. Lisbon: Junta de Investrigações do Ultramar, 1968.
• Regimento que deve observar o feitor da ilha de São Vicente, Vicente das Neves Caio (1752). Daniel A. Pereira. Revista de História Económica e Social, no.17 (Jan-Jun 1986), p.89-101.
• Secas e fomes em Cabo Verde (achegas para estudo das 1845-1846 e de 1889-1890). António Carreira. Revista de História Económica e Social, no.15 (Jan-Jun 1985), p.135-50.
• Sir Francis Drake's West Indian voyage 1585-86. Edited by Mary Frear Keeler. London:Hakluyt Society, 1981.
• Subsídios para a história de Cabo Verde e Guiné. Christiano José de Senna Barcellos. História e Memórias da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa. Nova Série 2a Classe Sciencias Moraes e Políticas, e Bellas Lettras, vol. 8, part 2, no.54 (1900);vol. 9, part 1, no.55(1902);vol. 10, part2, no.58(1906);vol. 12, part 1, no. 61(1910);vol. 13(1913).
• Sudsídios para o estudo dos 'lançados' na Guiné. Maria da Graça Garcia Nolasco da Silva. Boletim Cultural da Guiné Portuguesa, vol. 25, no. 97 (Jan1970), p. 25-40;vol. 25, no. 98 (April 1970), p.217-32;vol. 25, no. 99 (July 1970), p. 397-420;vol. 25, no. 100 (Oct 1970), p. 513-60).
• Tratado breve dos rios de Guiné do Cabo-Verde. André Alvares d'Almada. Porto, Portugal:Diogo Kopke, 1841.
• West Africa: quest for God and gold 1454-1578. John W. Blake. London: Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman & Littlefield, 1977. 2nd ed.
• Yankee traders, old coasters & African middlemen. George E. Brooks. Boston Univeristy Press, 1970. (African Research Studies, no. 11).
• Cabo Verde: Formação e extinção de uma sociedade escravocrata (1460-1878). António Carreira. PraiaÇ Instituto Caboverdiano do Livro, 1983. 2nd ed.
• Notas sobre o tráfico português de escravos. António Carreira. Lisbon: Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1983. 2nd ed.
• O tráfico clandestino de escravos na Guiné e em Cabo Verde no século XIX. António Carreira. Raízes, nos. 5-6 (1978),p. 3-34.

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